Molecular biology
Introduction to molecular biology
Molecular biology Refers to the study of molecules of the substances involved in process of life .
The tem of Molecular biology was first used by willian Astbury in 1945.
Molecular biology is a new branch of biology delveloped after 1950s.There are about millian species of living organisms .These organisms are constructed by Cells ..Cells are the structural and functional units of life..A multicellular organisms is assembled by thousands of cells. Thus cells are the bulding blocks of animals and plants.
The substance of the cell is made up of chemicals in the form of inorganic and organic components.If A cell is disaasembled, it results in averioty of chemical molecules .Thus the chemical molecules are te bulding blocke of cells .Even i the ancient time ,Aristole and paracelsus conculed that 'all plant and animals ,however complicated,are constitued of a few elements which are reapeated in each of them '
The chemical component of cell can be broadly clasified in to two catogaries namely inorganic component and organic components .The in organic components include ,water,salts,ions,and trace element. The organic components includeds Protein, Corbohydrates ,Lipid and Nuclic Acids.
Of theses the organic compounds derived from corbon atoms ,standout as the the molecules of life .
The corban containing molecules of life are of two types ,namely, micromolecules or monomres and macromolecules or polymers .
The micromolecules are small organic compund and they inculde ,mono saccharides,aminoacids,fatty acids,,glycerols,pyridines,and pyrimidines, Macromolecules are large complex organic components cosisting of repeating unitsof micromolecules.
In living organisms ,there are 3 types of polymers ,Namely Nuclic acids,plysaccharidesand proteins (poly pepties) Actual molecular biology,, Moloecular biology is the study of macromolecules of life process
Molecular biology deals with the follwoing aspects if life .
1.Structural oraganization of DNA .
2.DNA as the genetic material,
3.Replication of DNA.
4.RNA and its types.
6. Regulation of gene Expression,
7. Structure of Protein and enzymes
Historical Events in molecular biology
Though Molecular Biology ,As a branch of Biology ,was started in the 1950s,The discoveries of the molecules of the life date back much earlier .
In 1965,Mendel proposed that characters are controlled by factor,Jhonson coined the genes for factor in 1909.
Miescher in 1869 isolated DNA molecules from pus cells ,spermotozova and from nucleus of RBC of birds,kunhe in 1877 coined term enzyme.
In 1930 Takemine,Aldrich,and able ioslated the first hormone epinephrine.In 1926 Janson And Donath isolated the first vitamin.
Schlesinger(1934) demonsrated that bacteriophages are composed of DNA and protein. Avery, Mac Lead and McCarty proposed that DNA is genetic materiasl.
Watson and Crik in 1953 proposed the double helix structure for DNA.In1961 Jacob and Monod put farward the operon concept .In 1968 Nirenberg and khorana worked out the complte genetic code .
In 1970 Knippers,Korenberg and Gefter isolated DNA polymers II .
In 1971 Khorana and Agarwal artificially synthesized te gene foe alamine tRNA.
In 1978 Daniel,Nathans,Smith and the Arber discovered chemical knives(Restriction Enzymes )
Berg,Sanger and gilbert(1980) Received Nobel prize for genetic Engineering
Molecular biology Refers to the study of molecules of the substances involved in process of life .
The tem of Molecular biology was first used by willian Astbury in 1945.
Molecular biology is a new branch of biology delveloped after 1950s.There are about millian species of living organisms .These organisms are constructed by Cells ..Cells are the structural and functional units of life..A multicellular organisms is assembled by thousands of cells. Thus cells are the bulding blocks of animals and plants.
The substance of the cell is made up of chemicals in the form of inorganic and organic components.If A cell is disaasembled, it results in averioty of chemical molecules .Thus the chemical molecules are te bulding blocke of cells .Even i the ancient time ,Aristole and paracelsus conculed that 'all plant and animals ,however complicated,are constitued of a few elements which are reapeated in each of them '
The chemical component of cell can be broadly clasified in to two catogaries namely inorganic component and organic components .The in organic components include ,water,salts,ions,and trace element. The organic components includeds Protein, Corbohydrates ,Lipid and Nuclic Acids.
Of theses the organic compounds derived from corbon atoms ,standout as the the molecules of life .
The corban containing molecules of life are of two types ,namely, micromolecules or monomres and macromolecules or polymers .
The micromolecules are small organic compund and they inculde ,mono saccharides,aminoacids,fatty acids,,glycerols,pyridines,and pyrimidines, Macromolecules are large complex organic components cosisting of repeating unitsof micromolecules.
In living organisms ,there are 3 types of polymers ,Namely Nuclic acids,plysaccharidesand proteins (poly pepties) Actual molecular biology,, Moloecular biology is the study of macromolecules of life process
Molecular biology deals with the follwoing aspects if life .
1.Structural oraganization of DNA .
2.DNA as the genetic material,
3.Replication of DNA.
4.RNA and its types.
6. Regulation of gene Expression,
7. Structure of Protein and enzymes
Historical Events in molecular biology
Though Molecular Biology ,As a branch of Biology ,was started in the 1950s,The discoveries of the molecules of the life date back much earlier .
In 1965,Mendel proposed that characters are controlled by factor,Jhonson coined the genes for factor in 1909.
Miescher in 1869 isolated DNA molecules from pus cells ,spermotozova and from nucleus of RBC of birds,kunhe in 1877 coined term enzyme.
In 1930 Takemine,Aldrich,and able ioslated the first hormone epinephrine.In 1926 Janson And Donath isolated the first vitamin.
Schlesinger(1934) demonsrated that bacteriophages are composed of DNA and protein. Avery, Mac Lead and McCarty proposed that DNA is genetic materiasl.
Watson and Crik in 1953 proposed the double helix structure for DNA.In1961 Jacob and Monod put farward the operon concept .In 1968 Nirenberg and khorana worked out the complte genetic code .
In 1970 Knippers,Korenberg and Gefter isolated DNA polymers II .
In 1971 Khorana and Agarwal artificially synthesized te gene foe alamine tRNA.
In 1978 Daniel,Nathans,Smith and the Arber discovered chemical knives(Restriction Enzymes )
Berg,Sanger and gilbert(1980) Received Nobel prize for genetic Engineering
No comments: